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1 [1] (April 9, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govecyo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: ngrsiorn~4 ~vh $ervk~ S April 9, 2021 Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population The U.S. foreign-bornpopulation consists of individuals living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. An estimated 44.9 million foreign-born people live in the United States, representing 13.7% of the totalU.S. population in 2019 (the mos t recent data fromthe American Community Survey [ACS]). The proportion of foreign-bornhas changed overtime. The 1920 percentageofforeign-bom (13.2%) was similar to current levels, then declined over the next five decades, reaching alowof4.7% in 1970. Overthe last five decades, the proportion has increased (Figure 1). Figure I. U.S. Foreign-Born: Total and Percentage of Total Population, 1920-2019 -'-Total Foreign Born Percent ForeignBorn 161A~ 50,000.000' 14% 4'5I000 0. 12% 40,000,000 10%1 30,000,000 8% -s5.000.000 a QsooU oo J 41.o ocoo I-0 0% 0 192_ 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2019 Source: 1 920-2000: Campbell Gibson and Kayj ung Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000, U.S. Census Bureau Population Division, 2006. 2010 and 2019:ACS, Table B05001, at http://data.census.gov. The foreign-born area heterogeneous population with regard to citizenship and immigration status. Subgroups include resident nonimmigrants,asubsetofnonimmigrant vis a holders admitted for purposes associated with U.S. residence in categories ranging fromstudents to diplomats to workers; lawful permanent residents (LPRs) granted green cards through family-sponsored and employment-based preference categories, refugee and asylee status, the diversity immigrant visa (DV) program, and other pathways; naturalizedU.S. citizens, who gained U.S. citizenship after fulfilling requirements established by Congress and outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act; and unauthorized and quasi-legal immigrants, including those who have entered the United States without inspection or have overstayed their period oflawful admission (overstays), and those who hold a temporary, discetionary s tatus such as Defeired Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) orTemporary Protected Status (TPS). Resident Nonirrigrants Nonimmigrant vis as are is sued to foreign nationals for specific purposes and ontemporary bases. In recent fiscal years, the Departmentof State (DOS) has is sued 9 million to 10 million nonimmigrant vis as annually-the majority in categories related to non-residential purposes. However, some nonimmigrants are admitted for purposes associated with U.S. residence. An estimated 2.3 million nonimmigrant workers, students, exchange visitors, diplomats, and their relatives were residing in the United States in 2016, according to the mostrecent Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimate. The largest category of nonimmigrant visa issuances, excluding tourismand business visitors, is temporary workers, particularly H-2A vis as (agricultural workers), H- 1B vis as (specialty occupation workers), and H-2B vis as (nonagricultural workers). In FY2019, DOS issued 204,801 H-2A visas, 188,123 H-1B visas, and 97,623 H-2B visas. An estimated 13.6 million LPRs lived in the United States in 2019, according to DHS. Approximately 1 million people become LPRs each year. In FY2019, 45% of individuals who became LPRs were new arrivals to the United States and 55% adjusted to LPR status froma temporary (nonimmigrant) status within the United States. The largest number ofLPRs are admitted through family-sponsored categories, followedby employment-based categories, refugee and asylee status, and the DV program(Figure 2). https://crs repc