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1 [1] (February 21, 2018)

handle is hein.crs/govcgxx0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 01;0n~$~la i S $~h& Updated February 21, 2018 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Provisions in P.L. 115-97, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), enacted in December 2017, included provisions establishing an oil and gas program in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or the Refuge). ANWR consists of 19 million acres in northeast Alaska, administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in the Department of the Interior (Figure 1). Initially established as a national wildlife range in 1960, the area was expanded and established as a refuge by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA; 16 U.S.C. §§668dd note, 3141 et seq.). ANILCA designated a portion of the Refuge as wilderness and, in Section 1002, required a study of another portion- the 1.57-million-acre Coastal Plain (also referred to as the 1002 Area)-to assess its wildlife and potential impacts of oil and gas development. The Coastal Plain is viewed as an onshore oil prospect, with a 2005 mean estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey of 7.7 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil on federal lands (10.4 billion barrels including Native lands and adjacent waters). It also is a center of activity for caribou and other wildlife, with Native subsistence uses and critical habitat for polar bears under the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§1531-1544). Section 1003 of ANILCA prohibited oil and gas development in the Refuge unless authorized by an act of Congress. The enactment of P.L. 115-97 culminated a decades-long congressional debate over whether to authorize development of the Coastal Plain's mineral resources or to continue prohibiting development to protect biological and subsistence values. The ANWR provisions in P.L. 115-97 responded to a reconciliation instruction to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in the FY2018 concurrent resolution on the budget (H.Con.Res. 71). The committee was instructed to report changes in laws within its jurisdiction to reduce the deficit by not less than $1 billion for the FY2018-FY2027 period. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated that the ANWR provisions in Title II of the law, along with other oil and gas provisions in that title, would increase net offsetting receipts by about $1.1 billion during this period. Other bills related to ANWR's Coastal Plain were introduced in the 115th Congress prior to enactment of P.L. 115-97. H.R. 1889 and S. 820 would establish the Coastal Plain as wilderness, while H.R. 49 and S. 49 propose oil and gas leasing programs for the Coastal Plain that are similar but not identical to the program mandated by P.L. 115-97. This CRS product focuses on P.L. 115-97. Figure I. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge . . ..N. . . .. . : '.: .................... .................. .@ . .. .. i. ............ ....... i~ .... .. .. . .. . i........ ........... ....... .... u...... ..... ..... x .. . .. . . .. .. . A K~~ ...... *~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . .:....:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . N- i \:: :h: { 4:M Source:-FS:Arctic:NationalWildlife Reuge --- Cmrh sv Co eatnPnIrdu inA i 215aht-Iw fwM gaY! home/arctic-cc pI. 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