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1 J. E. Pennybacker, et al., Convict Labor for Road Work [i] (1916)

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  UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

                     BULLETIN No. 414

            Contribution from Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering
                     LOGAN WALLER PAGE, Director


Washington, D. C.     PROFESSIONAL PAPER      December 15, 1916




   CONVICT LABOR FOR ROAD WORK



                                By


 J. E. PENNYBACKER, Chief, Division of Road Economics, and
     H. S. FAIRBANK, Highway Engineer, Office of Public
       Roads and Rural Engineering, and DR. W. F. DRAPER,
             Passed Assistant Surgeon, United States
                       Public Health Service


CONTENTS


Intduuction ............    . 1
Systems of Convict Labor ... ...... 2
Road Work for Convicts ...   ...... 6
Efficiency and Economy of Convict Labor  17
Management and Operation ..  ..... 29
Records and Cost Accounts  ..... ...34
Discipline and Methods of Control.. . 54
Camp Location ... .......... . 65
Water Supplies .....    .......... 69


Camp Sanitation . . . . . ....
Health Conditions and Care of Sick and
Injured     ............
Quarters and Sructures  ......
Clothing, Camp Supplies, and Equipment
Rations for Convicts at Road Camps . .
Bibliography. . .. .............
Appendlx ..................


        WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING Orr=
            1916