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701 Annals Am. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci. 8 (2022)

handle is hein.cow/anamacp0701 and id is 1 raw text is: From Supervision to Opportunity: Reimagining Probation and Parole By DAVID J. HARDING, BRUCE WESTERN, and JASMIN A. SANDELSON Across a variety of measures of safety and rehabilita- tion, our current systems of parole and probation are failing. Research shows that community supervision fails to reduce crime; traps its subjects in cycles of criminal justice involvement; is excessively punitive; and creates widespread harm to individuals, families, and communities-all while failing to significantly con- tribute to the social and economic integration of those under its control. We argue for a wholesale reform of community supervision, including the abandonment of current monitoring and control functions, and the repurposing of resources into systems of support for the hundreds of thousands of people leaving prison and jail every year. We also provide an overview to the arti- cles assembled for this volume, which chart the chal- lenges facing those on community supervision and offer a roadmap of potential policy solutions for improving the life chances of formerly incarcerated and justice- involved people. Keywords: community supervision; probation; parole; criminal justice; race; public policy; poverty Introduction Every year, more than 500,000 people are released from prison (Carson 2020), and more than ten million people cycle through the nation's jails (Zeng and Minton 2021). For many, the end of incarceration means the beginning of community supervision, which entails regular meetings with probation or David J. Harding is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, and Director of UC Berkeley's Social Science D-Lab. He is the author of On the Outside: Prisoner Reentry and Reintegration (Chicago 2019) and After Prison: Navigating Adulthood in the Shadow of the Justice System (Russell Sage 2020). Bruce Western is the Bryce Professor of Sociology and Social justice and directs the Justice Lab at Columbia University. He is the author of Punishment and Inequality in America (Russell Sage 2006) and Homeward: Life in the Year after Prison (Russell Sage 2018). Correspondence: dharding@berkeley.edu DOI: 10.1177/00027162221115486 ANNALS, AAPSS, 701, May 2022 8