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1 Nabeel Alsalam, et al., Effects of the Surge in Immigration on State and Local Budgets in 2023 1 (June 5, 2025)

handle is hein.congrec/eftsotesurin0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 


                             Congressional  Budget  Office
                               NonpartisanAnalysis for the U.S. Congress Ub














  Effects of the Surge in Immigration

on State and Local Budgets in 2023


Billions of dollars


  Direct effects plus expected adjustments
     over time from fiscal pressures:
              28.6

: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Direct effects plus broader increases in tax
   revenues from economic growth:
             18.8


Tax revenues


Spending


JUNE I 2025


gl laq 111 1 g