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1 Mark Sherman, White-Collar Crime 1 (2001)

handle is hein.congcourts/sobwhitc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: ig to the U.S. Sentencing iission, embezzlement, forg- rfeiting, bribery, money tax offenses and other fraud Ld white collar crimes ac- almost 20% of cases sen- er U.S. Sentencing Guide- A 1999. The Commission Formation on 255 organiza- aced under the guidelines White-collar crimes pose unique challenges to the federal judiciary. How do the courts distinguish between situational and career white-collar defendants and offenders? How do pro- bation officers develop strategies for collecting monetary penalties? How do both probation and pretrial services officers determine a defendant's or offender's financial status and formu- late appropriate special conditions? How do officers supervise white-collar defendants and offenders? Particularly daunting are complex economic crimes involving multiple defendants, multiple victims, intricate transaction records, and high economic stakes. Several of these complex white- collar crimes have gained attention in the past decade. Power on probation In 1989 a steam pipe exploded in Man- hattan killing three people and spew- ing 200 pounds of asbestos over a wide area. ConEd, the utility company re- sponsible for the pipe, denied that as- bestos had been released during the explosion.