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1 Michelle Mensore Condon, The West Virginia Constitution: Mountaineers Are Always Free 1 (2025)

handle is hein.brennan/wevirgcns0001 and id is 1 raw text is: The West Virginia Constitution: Mountaineers Are Always Free I State Court Report


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The WestVirginia Constitution:

Mountaineers Are Always Free


An  early West  Virginia constitution  emancipated enslaved

people  in 1863, more   than a year  before the  U.S. Constitution.


By Michelle Mensore Condon


Published: November 18, 2025


West Virginia





This essay is part of a 50-state series about the nation's constitutions. We've asked an
expert from each state to dive into their constitution, narrate its history, identify its
quirks, and summarize its most essential components for our readers.

West Virginia - a state created from a Civil War separation - operates under a
constitution ratified in 1872. Though many amendments have conformed it to modern


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