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Case Citations [i] (Fall 2025)

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                             THE AMERICAN


                               LAW INSTITUTE



                                       Fall 2025 Citations



                                CONTRACTS 2D



Generally

N.D.Cal.2024. Cit. generally in case quot. in sup. Owner of a patent for packaging insulation filed an
infringement action against competitor. This court denied defendant's motion for summary judgment,
holding that plaintiff s offer to sell a prototype of the invention before the patent's filing date did not
trigger the on-sale bar of 35 U.S.C. § 102 to invalidate the patent. The court noted that it looked to the
Restatement of Contracts and the Uniform Commercial Code when determining whether an offer rose to
the level of a commercial offer for sale as required for the on-sale bar to invalidate a patent, and noted
that plaintiff's email offer to sell the prototype to defendant was only a preparation for a sale, rather than
a definite offer. Cellulose Material Solutions, LLC v. SC Marketing Group, Inc., 719 F.Supp.3d 1052,
1057.

N.D.Ill.2024. Cit. generally in case quot. in sup. After direct purchaser of turkeys filed for bankruptcy,
investor purchased direct purchaser's claims as a member of an antitrust class action against turkey
processors that allegedly conspired to artificially suppress turkey production and increase turkey prices,
opted out of the class, and filed a separate antitrust action against processors. This court denied
processors' motion to dismiss on grounds of champerty, holding that, under federal common law, the
assignment between direct purchaser and investor, which were both sophisticated entities, was not void
as champertous, because the assigned cause of action arose from federal antitrust statutes. The court
reasoned, in part, that the Restatement Second of Contracts, which was a common reference point for
considering cases arising under federal common law, did not appear to prohibit the assignment. In re
Turkey Antitrust Litigation, 727 F.Supp.3d 756, 762.

D.Mass.2024.  Cit. generally in case cit. in ftn. Member of limited-liability company that distributed
ultrasound algae remediation devices sued manufacturer of the devices, alleging that it breached a non-
compete agreement after the relationship between the parties soured and manufacturer contacted
member's  customers to notify them that manufacturer did not have an exclusivity agreement with any
party or vendor. This court granted in part manufacturer's motion for summary judgment, holding that
member  did not state a viable breach-of-contract claim, because the subsequent agreement between the
parties, which did not contain a non-compete clause, controlled their relationship and member's
allegations did not reference the controlling agreement. The court noted that, like Massachusetts,

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