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Case Citations [i] (Fall 2025)

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                            THE AMERICAN


                            LAW INSTITUTE



                                     Fall 2025 Citations



                                RESTITUTION



      PART   I. THE RIGHT   TO RESTITUTION (QUASI CONTRACTS AND KINDRED
                                   EQUITABLE RELIEF)

                        CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTORY MATTERS

                           TOPIC  1. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES

§ 1. Unjust Enrichment

D.Md.2024. Com.  (b) quot. in sup., quot. in cases cit. and quot. in sup. Grandson, as representative of
his deceased grandmother's estate, filed an unjust enrichment claim against pharmaceutical company,
alleging that defendant was enriched by its receipt of grandmother's cervical cells that were obtained by
third-party physicians without her consent and used by defendant to develop adeno-associated virus
vectors for gene therapy. This court denied defendant's motion to dismiss, holding that plaintiff stated a
claim for unjust enrichment under Maryland law, because the benefit that was conferred onto defendant
that was the basis of plaintiff s claim could take any form, including the receipt and use of
grandmother's cervical cells. The court reasoned that Restatement of Restitution § 1 used sweeping
terms for its broad definition of benefit, encompassing anything in any way that added to defendant's
security or advantage. Lacks v. Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Inc., 734 F.Supp.3d 397, 437.

E.D.Wis.2024. Cit. in sup. and cit. in case quot. in sup. Mortgage borrower sued bank that acquired and
began servicing his loan, after the bank lost the note and could not establish the mortgage's terms,
seeking a declaration that his mortgage was deemed satisfied and claiming entitlement to the return of
payments he made on the mortgage under a theory of unjust enrichment. The court granted bank's
motion to dismiss. This court affirmed, holding that borrower failed to state a claim for unjust
enrichment against bank under Wisconsin law and Restatement of Restitution § 1. The court reasoned,
in part, that borrower received the loan funds specified in the mortgage contract, and it was not
inequitable for bank to retain the payments made under a contract on which it or its predecessor
performed, even if the note was lost. Bell v. PNC Bank National Association, 717 F.Supp.3d 792, 797.



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