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Case Citations [1] (Spring 2025)

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                              LAW INSTITUTE



                                    Spring 2025 Citations



                                    AGENCY



           CHAPTER 7.   LIABILITY   OF  PRINCIPAL TO THIRD PERSON; TORTS

    TOPIC   2. LIABILITY  FOR  AUTHORIZED CONDUCT OR CONDUCT INCIDENTAL
                                         THERETO

                              TITLE  B. TORTS  OF  SERVANTS

                                   WHO IS   A  SERVANT

§ 220. Definition

C.A.3, 2024. Quot. in conc. op. (erron. cit. as § 220 of Restatement Third of Agency). Student athletes at
several National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I member schools filed an action
against NCAA  and member schools, alleging that they were entitled to minimum wage compensation
under the Fair Labor Standards Act and state wage laws for the time they spent representing their
schools. The district court denied defendants' motion to dismiss, finding that plaintiffs sufficiently
pleaded facts that, under a multifactor balancing test, might allow them to be classified as employees
under the Act. On interlocutory appeal, this court vacated in part and remanded for application of an
economic-realities analysis grounded in common-law agency principles. The concurring opinion argued
that the majority's economic-realities analysis did not clarify the critical distinction between the
performance of services, labor, or work under Restatement First of Agency § 220 and play or
sport in determining whether one's participation in a college sports team implicated an employment
relationship warranting payment. Johnson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, 108 F.4th 163,
189.

§ 227. Servant Lent to Another Master

E.D.Tenn.2023. Cit. in case quot. in sup. After a temporary worker at an automotive plant negligently
discarded a cigarette in an area where smoking was strictly prohibited, causing a large fire, plant's
insurer sued staffing agency that supplied the worker to the plant, alleging negligence and negligent
hiring, retention, training, and supervision. This court granted in part agency's motion to dismiss,
holding that agency was not vicariously liable for the worker's negligence, because the worker was a

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