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Case Citations [i] (Fall 2025)

handle is hein.ali/alicopyright0011 and id is 1 raw text is: THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE Fall 2025 Citations COPYRIGHT (DRAFTS) CHAPTER 3. INITIAL OWNERSHIP, TRANSFERS, VOLUNTARY LICENSES, AND TERMINATION OF GRANTS § 22. Joint Works M.D.Pa.2024. Com. (c) cit. and quot. in sup. and in ftn., Rptr's Note (d) quot. in ftn. (T.D. No. 2, 2022). Artist filed a claim for copyright infringement against manufacturer of clothing apparel and others, alleging that defendants used plaintiff s original dragon-themed design to assist in creating circular, dragon-themed buttons for boots, as well as a simplified version of plaintiff s original design, without plaintiff s authorization. This court granted in part and denied in part defendants' motion for summary judgment, holding that there was no dispute of fact that the parties intended their contributions to the original dragon boot button designs to be merged into an inseparable unitary whole as a joint work; in contrast, the parties disputed as to whether plaintiff intended the original design to be merged into the simplified design. The court noted that several persuasive commentaries, such as Restatement of Copyright Law § 22, opposed the heightened intent standard for the requisite intent for joint authorship in favor of a standard under which joint authors only had to share the intent to collaborate on an indivisible unitary work. Beard v. Helman, 722 F.Supp.3d 521, 542, 550-552. COPYRIGHT C2025 By THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America For earlier citations, see the Appendices, Supplements, or Pocket Parts, if any, that correspond to the subject matter under examination.