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62 Vand. L. Rev. 1421 (2009)
On the Limits of Supremacy: Medical Marijuana and the States' Overlooked Power to Legalize Federal Crime

handle is hein.journals/vanlr62 and id is 1431 raw text is: On the Limits of Supremacy: Medical Marijuana and the States' Overlooked Power to Legalize Federal Crime Robert A. Mikos* I. INTRODU CTION .................................................................. 1422 II. M ARIJUANA LAW S .............................................................. 1427 A . Current State Laws ................................................ 1427 B. Current Federal Law ............................................. 1433 1. Substance of the CSA ................................. 1433 2. Constitutionality of the CSA ...................... 1436 C. Something's Gotta Give ......................................... 1438 III. DE JURE STATE POW ER ..................................................... 1445 A. Congress's Preemptive Power ................................ 1445 B. Congress's Preemptive Intent ................................ 1450 C. The Legal Status of State Medical Marijuana Regulations .......................................... 1453 1. Exemptions from State Sanctions .............. 1453 2. Registration/ID Programs .......................... 1455 3. Protection from Private Sanctions ............. 1456 4. State Cultivation/Distribution P rogram s ..................................................... 1457 5. State Return of Seized Marijuana ............. 1459 D. Congress's Other Options ....................................... 1460 IV. DE FACTO STATE POWER ................................................... 1463 A. Enforcement of Legal Sanctions ............................ 1463 B. Beyond Legal Sanctions-Why People O bey L aw ............................................................... 1469 * Professor of Law, Vanderbilt University Law School. A.B., Princeton University; J.D., University of Michigan. I am grateful to Lynn Baker, Amy Barrett, AJ Bellia, Doug Berman, Mark Brandon, Margaret Brinig, Alan Brownstein, Neal Devins, Bill Funk, Rick Garnett, Cindy Kam, Nancy King, Suzanna Sherry, Kevin Stack, Jay Tidmarsh, Adam Wolf, and workshop participants at Notre Dame, Ohio State, Texas, and Vanderbilt for helpful comments, advice, and encouragement on earlier versions of this Article. I am also grateful to Dan Carrillo-Gunning, Jesse Skinner, and Erin Wallace for their diligent research assistance. Comments are appreciated. (robert.mikos@vanderbilt.edu). 1421